In language teaching theory, a distinction is often made between teaching approaches and teaching methodologies. For ease of understanding, I will refer to all the following as methods. I have described the methods in chronological order, starting with traditional methods and moving towards more contemporary methods. Please don’t assume that the first ones I describe are the most prominent or ones I recommend. Grammar translation method This method was prevalent in schools throughout the beginning of the 20th century; its use continued long afterwards and many cultures still expect language to be taught using this method. The method consists of studying written texts, translating them into the students’ own language and carrying out a study of grammar. There is little attention given to the use of the spoken language. I learnt French through this method and whilst I was able to read and translate complicated texts, I was unable to buy a loaf of bread when I went on holiday to France. I...
Many of the speaking patterns we use are not suitable in business writing. For example, if you listen to a conversation, you might hear incomplete sentences, sudden subject changes, or abbreviated versions of words and phrases. Although these expressions are common in casual conversation, they are confusing and inappropriate when you are writing to a customer, supervisor, or employer. Avoid these things in written communication. Incomplete Sentences Quite often,we use fragments when we speak.We count on our tone of voice and our expression or the reaction of the listener to fill in the spaces. In writing, this isn’t possible, so it’s important to write complete sentences that express complete thoughts. See Chapter 3 to learn how to avoid sentence fragments. Sudden Subject Changes In everyday conversation,we switch subjects easily.Two speakers can exchange far more information in two minutes than a reader can absorb in the same time period.That’s why it’s important to use the reader’s t...
Nine nice night nurses nursing nicely. The ochre ogre ogled the poker. Of all the felt I ever felt, I never felt a piece of felt Which felt as fine as that felt felt, When first I felt that felt hat's felt. Old oily Ollie oils old oily autos. Once upon a barren moor There dwelt a bear, also a boar. The bear could not bear the boar. The boar thought the bear a bore. At last the bear could bear no more Of that boar that bored him on the moor, And so one morn he bored the boar - That boar will bore the bear no more. One-One was a racehorse; Two-Two was one, too. When One-One won one race, Two-Two won one, too. On mules we find two legs behind And two we find before. We stand behind before we find What those behind be for. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers? If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? Pick a partner and practice passing, for if you pass proficientl...
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